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    Armor and Weapon History

    Sword:
    The dominant weapon of the knight, ranging in length from 32" to more than 72" with a point at the tip of the sword which was sometimes, but not always,used for thrusting.From the 9th to the end of the 15th century,the broadsword stayed the main weapon for the knights,squires and men at arms.Sword actually weigh less than what modern culture would have you believe.The sword has also came to symbolic meanings,different carvings carved into each side of the blade.The (quill ion) a 16th century term known as the cross piece formed across the handle of the sword symbolising a Christian cross.

    Shield:
    Most knights shields during the 14th century were of the familiar heart shape and wide in size.Knights who appeared in tournaments carried a very Small shield, while the knights in war carried a larger one.This owes itself probably to the presence of highly dangerous missile weapons on the battlefield,that something the tournament knight did not have to worry about very often.

    The knights shield came to take on symbolic meaning.A dishonoured knight had his spurs cut off and his shield hung upside down in disgrace.


    The Construction of the Shield:
    The knights shield of the 14th and 15th was generally made from wood,covered in gesso,and painted with his heraldic charge.The gesso was often raised to give the shield texture,the back of the shield was covered in a strong cloth, finally enarmes and guige were added so that the shield could be carried.The shield weighs between 6-10 lbs,usually towards the lighter number.

    Spear:
    The oldest form of staff weapon,intended for thrusting.The war spear usually had a long leaf shaped or long,thin triangular head.In common use during the entire middle ages,the spear ranged in length of 5 to 9 feet.

    Dagger:
    A short pointed knife.There were many forms of daggers worn uring the high middle ages, daggers are more frequently worn more than swords, atleast when knights and squires were at court.

    Armour:
    The defense of a knight against the weapons of his opponent,consisting of his complete harness.Often this was used to denote the hard bits of the harness,the hardened leather or plate plate defenses,rather than the softer arming garments,though sometimes a layered cloth was used a a sole defense.The knights armour was constructed out of a strong folded steel,the armour pieces were breast plate,back plate,mail sleeves,mail leggings,mail shirt,mail coif,mail coat and a sleeved mail coat.

    Flail:
    The flail was a deadly medieval aged weapon used in military warfare,however the flail has been known to be used for the crime and punishment against the state and church.They also had an upgraded version of the flail,called the double flail.Instead of the double flail having one ball and chain it had another on the other end of the handle.

    Crossbow:
    Sporting crossbows of the 17th to the 19th centuries were used for formal target competitions and hunting.Hand crossbows became popular for small game hunting and informal target shooting,using a double bowstring with a leather pouch to launch a lead,clay or stone balls.The barrelled crossbow or slur bow also shot round balls using a bowstring and a tubular barrel.The crossbow is still a popular hunting weapon mainly used in Asia and parts of Africa.

    Mace:
    Mace's are the human races oldest weapons.These crude and simple weapons can be traced back to the stoned top club.Medieval maces are actually metal versions of the club evolved into the symbols of kings and popes.The medieval mace was an armour-fighting weapon that developed from a steel ball on a wooden handle to an all steel war club.Medieval maces are also a symbol of power from ancient times.A strike from a medieval mace can knock the wind out of the enemy y to give time to strike before the enemy.Used for quick attacks a mace can keep the enemies on the defensive during the battle.

    Scythe:
    Chariots became less popular by the last millennium BC as improvements in cavalry took over,but they did not disappear completely.Some armies continued to use them as a symbol of prestige.To make chariots more effective and fearsome,scythe blades were attached to the axles.As the wheels would turn so would the scythes.

    War-hammer:
    A war-hammer is an archaic weapon of war intended for close combat.the design which resembles the hammer.The war-hammer consists of a strong wooden handle and a heavy Steel head,Later hammers have a spike on one side of the head.War-hammers were developed as a consequence of the evermore prevalent armours of the battlefield during the 14th and 15th centuries.The war-hammer could deal blows of tremendous force to the target,especially when mounted on a pole and impact alone do damage without penetrating the armour.Against cavalry the weapon could be used to attack the horses legs toppling the rider to the ground where they could be dealt with.

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